Tangential Effort

WORK DONE BY A VARIABLE FORCE (TANGENTIAL EFFORT) EXPERIMENT

OBJECTIVES

·         The objectives of the experiment are to demonstrate the work done by a variable force (tangential effort).

·         This experiment also investigate as area under the graph of force by carries a different load and the distance when it moves.

THEORY

·         This experiment wants to show the principle of the work done with the particular variable force. It can be determine by measuring the area under the graph of force and distance move.

·         A pivoted arm carrying a weight at its end with a spring balance at right angles to the arm. The angular position of the arm is indicated by a protractor scale. The effort is the force needed to hold the weight arm at a particular angle.

Figure 1 : weighted arm with variable tangential effort

The efforts or loads are the forces needed to hold the weight arm at particular angle. Assuming that the weight of the weighted arm is negligible. The forces balance for particular position.

                                  

Figure 2 : Forces at position 1

The angle ө from the vertical line can be determine as  F _(ө) = W sin ө

From the definition of the work W = F x s

Where S can be defined as S = rө

Work done by the forces in ∆W = F _(ө)  x ∆s

Figure 3 : Force displacement graph

APPARATUS

1.      Spring Balance

2.      Protactor

3.      Load(1.55kg & 0.75kg)

PROCEDURE

1.      Adjust the protractor scale to the reading of 90ᶿ with load of 1.55KG = 15.21N                              while the spring balance attach load.

2.      When the protactor reading is 90ᶿ the ө will be zero.

3.      Pull the spring balance to the angle of 10ᶿ and take the reading from spring balance.

4.      Repeat step 3 but with the different angle of 20ᶿ,30ᶿ,40ᶿ,50ᶿ,60ᶿ,70ᶿ,80ᶿ and 90ᶿ.

5.      Repeat step 1 until 4 with a different load of 0.75KG = 7.358N,

6.      The experiment had been completed.

ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION:

For analysis in this experiment we can consider have a lot of error in this experiment, in this experiment one of the causes we can’t find the accurate data is the apparatus is may have a error while we read the results of the force on the spring because the spring might not perpendicular to the rod. Futhermore, the force might be different a bit while we take the reading of the Force on the spring if we not take the reading properly. Moreover, the zero error might occur if we not callibrate the eqiupment at the early of the experiment.

Another reason for find fault in this experiment is maybe before the experiment will doing. The person that do the experiment is not setup the Apparatus and following the step that should be followed.

For this experiment the application for industries is a Crawler crane. That the efforts or loads are the forces needed to hold the weight arm at particular angle. When the crawler crane lift up a loads in at constants angle need to stay up a loads and hold it in a diffrent displacment.

CONCLUSION :

The Objectives of the experiments are demostaration of the work done by a variables force (Tangential effort). This Experiments also investigates the efforts or loads are the forces needed to hold the weight arm at particular angle. This experiment have made us understand about the main point of this experiment and the theory.